Cryopreservation of Embryos, Sperm, Eggs or Oocytes

Cryopreservation is a process where cells or whole tissues are preserved by cooling to low sub-zero temperatures, such as (typically) 77 K or -196 °C (the boiling point of liquid nitrogen). At these low temperatures, any biological activity, including the biochemical reactions that would lead to cell death, is effectively stopped. However, when vitrification solutions are not used, the cells being preserved are often damaged due to freezing during the approach to low temperatures or warming to room temperature.

So in short, Cryopreservation in fertility words, is the procedure of assisted reproductive technique, where the specialist at a very low temperature freezes the eggs/semen or embryos in a liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) for the future use (whenever the couple is ready to conceive with their frozen medical component).

How eggs are cryopreserved by Cryopreservation?

Egg freezing is a strategy of the ART technique for safeguarding a lady’s fertility issue so she can attempt to have kids sometime in the future.

Egg freezing is one method for preservation a lady’s fertility so she can attempt to have a family later on. It includes gathering a lady’s eggs after giving her fertility medication and regular hormonal injection (to  get multiple eggs at the time of egg pick-up), retrieving the eggs by a minor surgical procedure by the senior fertility specialist, freezing them and afterward defrosting them later on so they can be utilized in ripeness treatment.

Woman’s odds of achieving pregnancy normally fall as her age increases on the grounds that the quality and number of her eggs drops. Egg freezing can be an endeavor to safeguard fertility of a woman by freezing the eggs when the lady is youthful and the eggs are of the highest caliber. Eggs freezing is performed by the cryopreservation procedure at the best ART centre provided by We Care IVF Surrogacy.

Cryopreservation technique of eggs involve–

  • Routine screening of the woman (AMH level and etc.)
  • Giving fertility medication and hormonal injection – for ovary stimulation
  • Retrieving the eggs
  • Freezing the eggs by vitrification

How Sperms are cryopreserved by Cryopreservation?

What is sperm freezing?

Sperm freezing is the way toward gathering, examining, freezing and putting away a man’s sperm. The sampleis later utilized for fertility medicines or given to different couples or people, including same sex female accomplices. This general procedure is known as cryopreservation and is now and again alluded to as sperm banking.

The cryopreservation procedure includes:

  • Routine screening performed to check if there is any infection
  • Male providing his semen sample
  • Lab examination of sperm amount and quality.
  • Freezing of viable sperm.
  • Lab technicians use specialized cryoprotectant agent to preserve the sperm cells
  • Frozen sperm kept in the lab

How we perform Cryopreservation technique?

We perform the cryopreservation technique using the advanced methodology. We use the cryotec method of egg vitrification, a superior freezing technique.

Vitrification is a “streak freezing” procedure that cools cells so rapidly to a temperature of – 196º Celsius (about – 320º Fahrenheit) that they become “glass-like,” or “vitrified,” limiting the opportunity that the water inside the cells will shape harming ice stones/crystals. This is particularly significant for egg freezing procedure, since eggsretrieved by the woman (following the ovary stimulation medication) are huge size cells with a high substance of water.

Vitrification is better than some other strategy for egg cryopreservation. Studies have exhibited that egg endurance rates (which means the level of eggs that are as yet reasonable after they’re defrosted) increment from 61% after moderate freezing—the more established strategy for egg cryopreservation—to 91% after vitrification. In any case, few out of every odd specialist offering egg freezing utilizes vitrification.

Here at We Care IVF Surrogacy, vitrification is performed in a separate laboratory of the fertility centre. Actually, we utilize the Cryotec strategy, a much progressively fruitful type of vitrification. It comprises of a particular arrangement of exacting conventions for egg cryopreservation (the system that the lab group uses to freeze the eggs). These conventions increment the egg freezing rate to nearer to 100% and give a high success rate using these eggs for the IVF embryo transfer.

Risks Involve during the Cryopreservation technique –

Phenomena which can cause damage to cells during cryopreservation are solution effects, extracellular ice formation, dehydration and intracellular ice formation.

Solution effects
Solution effects caused by concentration of solutes in non-frozen solution during freezing as solutes are excluded from the crystal structure of the ice. High concentrations can be very damaging.

Extracellular ice formation –
When tissues are cooled slowly, water migrates out of cells and ice forms in the extracellular space. Too much extracellular ice can cause mechanical damage due to crushing

Dehydration
The migration of water causing extracellular ice formation can also cause cellular dehydration. The associated stresses on the cell can cause damage directly.

Intracellular ice formation –
While some organisms and tissues can tolerate some extracellular ice, any appreciable intracellular ice is almost always fatal to cells.

Prevention of Risks 

Vitrification provides the benefits of cryopreservation without the damage due to ice crystal formation. In clinical cryropreservation, vitrification usually requires the addition of cryoprotectants prior to cooling. The cryoprotectants act like antifreeze: they lower the freezing temperature. They also increase the viscosity. Instead of crystallizing, the syrupy solution turns into an amorphous ice – i.e. it vitrifies. Vitrification of water is promoted by rapid cooling, and can be achieved without cryoprotectants by an extremely rapid drop in temperature (megakelvins per second). The rate that is required to attain glassy state in pure water was considered to be impossible until recently.

Two conditions usually required to allow vitrification are an increase in the viscosity and a depression of the freezing temperature. Many solutes do both, but larger molecules generally have larger effect, particularly on viscosity. Rapid cooling also promotes vitrification.

In artificial cryopreservation, the solute must penetrate the cell membrane in order to achieve increased viscosity and depressed freezing temperature inside the cell. Sugars do not readily permeate through the membrane. Those solutes that do, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, a common cryoprotectant, are often toxic in high concentration. One of the difficult compromises faced in artificial cryopreservation is limiting the damage produced by the cryoprotectant itself.

Freezable Tissues – 

In general, cryopreservation is easier for thin samples and small clumps of individual cells, because these can be cooled more quickly and so require lower doses of toxic cryoprotectants.

Suitable combinations of cryoprotectants and regimes of rapid cooling and rinsing during warming often allow the successful cryopreservation of biological materials, particularly cell suspensions or thin tissue samples. Examples include:

  • Semen (which can be used successfully almost indefinitely after cryopreservation),
  • Blood (special cells for transfusion, or stem cells)
  • Tissue samples like tumors and histological cross sections
  • Human eggs (oocytes) See oocyte cryopreservation
  • Human embryos that are 2, 4 or 8 cells when frozen (pregnancies have been reported from embryos stored for 9 years. Many studies have evaluated the children born from frozen embryos, or “frosties”. The result has uniformly been positive with no increase in birth defects or development abnormalities.)

In addition, efforts are underway to preserve humans cryogenically, known as cryonics. In such efforts either the brain within the head or the entire body may undergo the above process. Cryonics is in a different category from the aforementioned examples, however, for while many cryopreserved cell suspensions, thin tissue samples, and some small organs have been warmed and successfully used, this has not yet been the case for cryopreserved brains or bodies. At issue are the criteria for defining “success”. Proponents of cryonics make a case that cryopreservation using present technology, particularly vitrification of the brain, may be sufficient to preserve people in an “information theoretic” sense so that they could be revived and made whole by vastly advanced future technology.

Closing Lines 

Cryopreservation Technique is one of the ART method utilized by the best IVF of We Care IVF Surrogacy to freeze and afterward thaw the eggs, embryos or sperm for use in vitro treatment (IVF) cycles.

Defrosted or thawed sperm may likewise be utilized in IUI (intrauterine insemination) treatment cycles as well (if the woman is not having any advanced fertility issues). With the accessibility of cryopreserved embryos, a woman doesn’t have to undergo with the stimulation cycle (fertility medication) so as to have an embryo transferduring the fertility treatment.

We serve all the basic and advanced fertility treatments at the best ART centers giving all the advanced amenities to the patient at a very affordable price. If you want to know more about the procedure of cryopreservation technique or its cost, you can contact our support team!


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